Authors
- Chidimma B. Okoye (corresponding, sole author), Department of Architecture, Imo State University, P.M.B. 2000, Owerri, Nigeria. Email: chidimmaokoye2023@gmail.com
Abstract
Bioclimatic design strategies (BDS) offer a viable pathway for reducing energy demand and enhancing thermal comfort in buildings, particularly in warm-humid climates. However, their integration into mainstream architectural practice remains limited in many developing regions. This study critically reviews the challenges that impede effective integration of BDS in buildings within the warm-humid climate of South-East Nigeria and proposes evidence-based pathways for wider adoption.
A systematic literature review (SLR) methodology was employed, drawing from peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, policy documents, and technical reports published between 2000 and 2026. The review identifies ten major challenges: lack of technical expertise among design professionals; economic constraints and high upfront costs; limited availability of sustainable materials; absence of standardized integration metrics and frameworks; weak institutional and regulatory enforcement; climate dependence complicated by climate change uncertainty; socio-cultural preferences for mechanical cooling; persistent performance gaps between predicted and actual building performance; lack of financial incentives; and spatial constraints from rapid urbanization.
Findings reveal that while awareness of BDS exists among building professionals in South-East Nigeria, implementation remains fragmented due to systemic barriers spanning technical, economic, regulatory, and cultural domains. The study concludes that overcoming these challenges requires a multi-pronged strategy encompassing regulatory reform, financial incentives, capacity building, promotion of indigenous materials, and investment in climate-specific research. This review contributes a comprehensive barrier framework and actionable recommendations to support the transition toward climate-responsive, energy-efficient architecture in warm-humid regions of sub-Saharan Africa.
Keywords:
Bioclimatic; Warm-humid; Climate; Energy efficiency; Nigeria; Sustainable architecture